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A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Johannine Epistles is unavailable, but you can change that!

For over one hundred years, the International Critical Commentary series has held a special place among works on the Bible. It has sought to bring together all the relevant aids to exegesis—linguistic and textual no less than archaeological, historical, literary and theological—with a level of comprehension and quality of scholarship unmatched by any other series. No attempt has been made to...

formal use of κυρία is undoubtedly well established, and the character of the Epistle can only be determined by more general considerations. If we examine the whole contents of the letter we can hardly escape the conclusion that a Church and not an individual is addressed. The language of ver. 1, “Whom I love in truth, and not I only, but all who know the truth,” is at least more natural if it is addressed to a community. It is clear from ver. 4 that the writer can only praise the conduct of some
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